EN 815:1996+A2:2008

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
  1.1 Field of application
  1.2 Description of the machines
  1.3 Hazards
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 List of significant hazards
  4.1 Mechanical hazards
  4.2 Electrical hazards
  4.3 Thermal hazards
  4.4 Hazards generated by noise
  4.5 Hazards generated by vibrations
  4.6 Hazards generated by laser
  4.7 Hazards generated by materials and substances
  4.8 Hazards generated by neglect of ergonomic principles
  4.9 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply
  4.10 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned
       safety related measures
5 Safety requirements and/or provisions
  5.1 General safety requirements
       5.1.1 Contact surfaces
              5.1.1.1 Hazards due to sharp and rough parts
              5.1.1.2 Hazards due to hot surfaces
       5.1.2 Hoses and pipes under pressure
  5.2 Cutter head
  5.3 Handling of heavy loads
       5.3.1 Transport and lifting
       5.3.2 Handling of machine parts
       5.3.3 Handling of elements for rock support
  5.4 Gripping and regripping
  5.5 Access to and egress from operating positions and
       servicing points
       5.5.1 General
       5.5.2 Walkways
       5.5.3 Access openings
  5.6 Protection against falling objects and flood
       5.6.1 Falling objects
       5.6.2 Flood
  5.7 Control points
       5.7.1 Ergonomics
       5.7.2 Visibility
       5.7.3 Cab
  5.8 Guards and protective devices
       5.8.1 General
       5.8.2 Specification of guards
       5.8.3 Access to cutter head
       5.8.4 Conveyor
  5.9 Control systems and devices
       5.9.1 General
       5.9.2 Control systems
       5.9.3 Control devices
       5.9.4 Starting, warning systems, stopping and emergency
              stopping
              5.9.4.1 Starting
              5.9.4.2 Warning systems
              5.9.4.3 Stopping
              5.9.4.4 Emergency stopping
       5.9.5 Failure of the power supply
  5.10 Towing connection
  5.11 Laser guidance
  5.12 Ventilation, control of dust and gas
       5.12.1 General
       5.12.2 Dust suppression
       5.12.3 Dedusting
       5.12.4 Atmospheric changes
              5.12.4.1 General
              5.12.4.2 Methane monitoring
              5.12.4.3 Monitoring for other gases
  5.13 Noise
  5.14 Electrical equipment
       5.14.1 General
       5.14.2 Protective measures
       5.14.3 Cables and leads
       5.14.4 Transformers
       5.14.5 Bonding
       5.14.6 Switch gear
       5.14.7 Lighting
       5.14.8 Emergency lighting
  5.15 Isolation of power supply
  5.16 Energy supply other than electricity
  5.17 Fire protection
       5.17.1 Fire extinguishing system
       5.17.2 Fixed fire extinguishing systems
       5.17.3 Installation of portable fire extinguishers
       5.17.4 Water sprays
  5.18 Storage of safety equipment for personnel
  5.19 Indicators
       5.19.1 Marking
       5.19.2 Warning signs
       5.19.3 Warning devices
       5.19.4 Symbols
  5.20 Maintenance
6 Verification of safety measures and/or provisions
7 Information for use
  7.1 General
  7.2 Instruction handbooks
       7.2.1 General
       7.2.2 Identification of handbooks
       7.2.3 Content of operator's handbook
       7.2.4 Content of maintenance handbook
       7.2.5 Spare parts list
Annex A (normative) Protective measures for electrical
        accessories and lighting
Annex B (informative) Bibliography
Annex C (informative) Figures
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European
         Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU
         Directive 98/37/EC
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European
         Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU
         Directive 2006/42/EC

1.1Field of applicationThis standard is applicable to unshieldsed tunnel boring machines, TBM's, and rodless shaft boring machines, SBM's, and their towed or attached back-up equipment for driving tunnels or shafts in rock where the whole area is excavated in one or more steps by mechanical means. It specifies essential safety requirements for the design, construction and maintenance of such machines when used in non-explosive atmosphere together with the methods of verification. The standard specifies monitoring for hazardous atmosphere.For TBM's and SBM's which are to be used continuously in explosive atmosphere, additional relevant standards also apply.This European Standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.1.2Description of the machinesThe general term "unshielded tunnel boring machines" encompasses various kinds of machines for mechanical excavation of underground openings such as tunnels and inclined shafts. This is done in a continuous process, without blasting, using a rotating cutter head.Depending on the hardness of the material being excavated, tools of different types are used to cut the rock. Normally, rolling discs are employed in medium to very hard rock. All tunnel boring machines, TBM's, and rodless shaft boring machines, SBM's, have the tools mounted on a cutter head which rotates under thrust against the rock. The torque required to rotate the cutter head is developed by electric or hydraulic motors and the thrust is normally delivered by hydraulically powered cylinders.The torque and thrust reactions created by a TBM or SBM have to be resisted by anchoring the complete machine inside the bore itself by means