IPC SA 61 : A

1 INTRODUCTION
   1.1 Scope
   1.2 Purpose
   1.3 Introduction
   1.4 Terms and Definitions
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
   2.1 IPC
   2.2 Joint Industries Standards
3 ELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING RESIDUES
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Type of Residues
       3.2.1 Polar/Ionic
       3.2.2 Non-Polar/Non-Ionic
       3.2.3 Particulates
   3.3 Chemistry of Residues
       3.3.1 Residues from Rosin and Resin Fluxes
       3.3.2 Residues from Water-Soluble Organic Fluxes
       3.3.3 Residues from Synthetic Activated Fluxes
       3.3.4 Residues from Low Residue/No-Clean Fluxes
   3.4 Amount and Location of Residues
4 SEMI-AQUEOUS CLEANING AGENTS
   4.1 Introduction
   4.2 Properties of Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Agents
   4.3 Compatibility of Cleaning Agents
   4.4 Properties of Water for Rinsing Semi-Aqueous
C leaning Agents
   4.5 Pre-Treatment of Water Supply
       4.5.1 Filtration
       4.5.2 Softening
       4.5.3 Distillation
       4.5.4 Ion Exchange
       4.5.5 Reverse Osmosis
5 SEMI-AQUEOUS CLEANING PROCESSES
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 Process Parameters
   5.3 Wash Section
       5.3.1 Temperature
       5.3.2 Agitation
   5.4 Rinse Section
       5.4.1 Rinse Section for Water-Insoluble (Type I)
             Cleaning Agent
       5.4.2 Rinse Section for Water-Soluble (Type II)
             Cleaning Agent
   5.5 Drying Section
6 SEMI-AQUEOUS CLEANING EQUIPMENT
   6.1 In-Line Cleaning Machines
       6.1.1 Combustibility Protection
   6.2 Batch Cleaning Machines
       6.2.1 Double Spray Module
       6.2.2 Single Cleaning and Rinsing Module
       6.2.3 Filtered Tanks with Recirculation Pump
       6.2.4 Simulated In-line Process
7 PROCESS AND QUALITY CONTROL
   7.1 Wash Section
       7.1.1 Monitoring or Bath Loading
   7.2 Rinse Section
       7.2.1 Rinse Section for Water-Insoluble (Type I)
             Cleaning Agents
       7.2.2 Rinse Section for Water-Soluble (Type II)
             Cleaning Agents
   7.3 Drying Section
   7.4 Wash and Rinse Section pH Monitoring for Water-Soluable
       (Type II) Cleaning Agents
8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS AND CONSIDERATIONS
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Waste Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Agent
   8.3 Rinse Water
       8.3.1 Rinse Water from Water-Insoluble (Type I)
             Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Systems
       8.3.2 Rinse Water from Water-Soluble (Type II)
             Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Systems
   8.4 Water Recycling
       8.4.1 Carbon/Ion-Exchange Bed
       8.4.2 Reverse Osmosis
   8.5 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
   8.6 Greenhouse Effect
9 OSHA AND EPA CONSIDERATIONS
   9.1 Introduction
   9.2 Environmental Considerations
       9.2.1 Air Emissions
       9.2.2 Waste Water
       9.2.3 Solid Waste
10 CLEANLINESS TESTING
   10.1 Introduction
   10.2 Visual Examination
   10.3 Ionic Residue Testing
        10.3.1 Resistivity of Solvent Extract Test (ROSE)
        10.3.2 Ion Chromatography Test
   10.4 Non-Ionic Residue Testing
        10.4.1 Residual Rosin Testing
        10.4.2 Organic Residue Testing
        10.4.3 Inorganic (Non-Organic, Non-Ionic) Residue Testing
   10.5 Surface Insulation Resistance Testing
11 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
   11.1 Introduction
   11.2 Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Agents
   11.3 Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Equipment
   11.4 Utility Costs
   11.5 Waste Disposal
        11.5.1 Effluent Types
        11.5.2 Cleaning Agent
        11.5.3 Rinse Water
        11.5.4 VOC Emissions
   11.6 Total Costs
Appendix A

Presents aspects of semi-aqueous cleaning such as chemicals, manufacturing residues, equipment and processes, process control, environmental considerations and safety.