1 - AS 1478.1-2000 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT - ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 APPLICATION
6 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
7 - 1.4.1 Acceptance testing
7 - 1.4.2 Admixture
7 - 1.4.3 Composite sample
7 - 1.4.4 Control mix
7 - 1.4.5 Grab sample
7 - 1.4.6 Lot
7 - 1.4.7 Test mix
8 - 1.4.8 Uniformity testing
8 - 1.5 TYPES AND SYMBOLS
8 - 1.6 PACKAGING
8 - 1.7 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
9 - 1.8 MARKING
10 - SECTION 2 PROPERTIES OF ADMIXTURES
10 - 2.1 ADMIXTURES OTHER THAN AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES
10 - 2.1.1 General acceptance testing
10 - 2.1.2 Requirements
10 - 2.1.3 Uniformity testing
11 - 2.2 AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES
11 - 2.2.1 General acceptance testing
11 - 2.2.2 Requirements
11 - 2.2.3 Uniformity testing
13 - SECTION 3 GENERAL TEST REQUIREMENTS
13 - 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
13 - 3.2 GENERAL ACCEPTANCE TESTS
13 - 3.2.1 General
13 - 3.2.2 Cement
13 - 3.2.3 Aggregates
13 - 3.2.4 Reference air-entraining admixture
14 - 3.3 SPECIFIC ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR ADMIXTURES
14 - 3.4 CONCRETE MIXES FOR GENERAL ACCEPTANCE TESTS
14 - 3.4.1 Number of batches and specimens
15 - 3.4.2 Proportioning of concrete mixes
15 - 3.4.3 Dose rate of admixture
16 - SECTION 4 TEST METHODS
16 - 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
16 - 4.2 PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS
16 - 4.3 TEST METHODS
16 - 4.3.1 Tests on freshly mixed concrete
16 - 4.3.2 Tests on hardened concrete
16 - 4.4 TEST REPORT
18 - APPENDIX A - SAMPLING PROCEDURE
18 - A1 SCOPE
18 - A2 SAMPLE SIZE AND REPRESENTATION
18 - A3 ACCEPTANCE TESTING SAMPLE
18 - A4 UNIFORMITY TESTING SAMPLE
18 - A5 SAMPLING LIQUID ADMIXTURES
18 - A5.1 Sampling at point of manufacture
19 - A5.2 Sampling at point of delivery
19 - A6 SAMPLING SOLID (POWDER) ADMIXTURES
19 - A7 PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES
19 - A8 MIXING AND PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE SAMPLES
19 - A9 IDENTIFICATION
21 - APPENDIX B - INFORMATION ON CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE
21 - B1 SCOPE
21 - B2 DESCRIPTIONS AND TYPES OF ADMIXTURE
21 - B2.1 Admixture
21 - B2.2 Air-entraining admixture (Type AEA)
21 - B2.3 Water-reducing admixture (Type WR)
21 - B2.4 Set-retarding admixture (Type Re)
21 - B2.5 Set-accelerating admixture (Type Ac)
21 - B2.6 Water-reducing and set-retarding admixture (Type WRRe)
21 - B2.7 Water-reducing and set- accelerating admixture (Type WRAc)
21 - B2.8 High range water-reducing admixture (Type HWR)
22 - B2.9 High range water-reducing and set- retarding admixture (Type HWRRe)
22 - B2.10 Medium-range, water-reducing admixture (Type MWR)
22 - B2.11 Special purpose normal-setting admixture (Type SN)
22 - B2.12 Special purpose set-retarding admixture (Type SRe)
22 - B2.13 Special purpose set-accelerating admixture (Type SAc)
22 - B3 USE OF ADMIXTURES
22 - B4 CLASSES OF ADMIXTURE
24 - B5 ACTION OF ADMIXTURES
24 - B5.1 General
24 - B5.2 Effect of different cements
24 - B5.3 Importance of mixing sequence
25 - B5.4 Effects of temperature
25 - B5.5 Effects of overdoses
25 - B5.6 Storage
26 - B5.7 Effect of batch size and mixing action
26 - B5.8 Steam curing
26 - B5.9 Compatibility of admixtures
26 - B5.10 Volume change
27 - B5.11 Durability of concrete
27 - B6 AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES
28 - B7 WATER-REDUCING AND SET-CONTROLLING ADMIXTURES
28 - B8 HIGH RANGE WATER-REDUCING AND SET-CONTROLLING ADMIXTURES
28 - B8.1 Applications
28 - B8.2 General characteristics
29 - B8.3 Formwork
29 - B8.4 Placing
29 - B8.5 Compaction
29 - B8.6 High range water reduction
29 - B9 SET-ACCELERATING ADMIXTURES
29 - B9.1 General
29 - B9.2 Principal effects on concrete
30 - B9.3 Use of calcium chloride
31 - B9.4 Cold weather concreting
31 - B10 MID-RANGE WATER-REDUCING ADMIXTURES
32 - B11 SPECIAL PURPOSE ADMIXTURES
32 - B11.1 General
32 - B11.2 Types of special purpose admixtures
34 - B12 TESTING OF ADMIXTURES FOR GENERAL ACCEPTANCE AND UNIFORMITY
34 - B13 FURTHER INFORMATION
36 - APPENDIX C - DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE ION CONTENT IN ADMIXTURES
36 - C1 SCOPE
36 - C2 APPARATUS
36 - C3 SELECTIVE ION ELECTRODE METHOD
36 - C3.1 Application
36 - C3.2 Principle
36 - C3.3 Reagents
37 - C3.4 Procedure
37 - C3.5 Calculation
37 - C4 POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD
37 - C4.1 Application
37 - C4.2 Principle
38 - C4.3 Reagents
38 - C4.4 Procedure
38 - C4.5 Calculation
39 - C5 RECORDS
40 - APPENDIX D - INFORMATION ON THICKENING ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT
40 - D1 SCOPE
40 - D2 DESCRIPTION
40 - D2.1 Thickening admixture
40 - D3 CLASSES
40 - D4 METHODS OF USING THICKENING ADMIXTURES
41 - D5 EFFECTS ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND HARDENED MIXTURES
42 - D6 USE OF THICKENING ADMIXTURES
42 - D7 TESTING
43 - APPENDIX E - INFORMATION ON SHRINKAGE- REDUCING AND SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT
43 - E1 SCOPE
43 - E2 DESCRIPTION
43 - E2.1 Shrinkage-reducing admixture
43 - E2.2 Shrinkage-compensating admixture
43 - E3 USES
43 - E4 TYPES OF SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES
44 - E5 TYPES OF SHRINKAGE-COMPENSATING ADMIXTURES
44 - E5.1 Gas generating admixtures
45 - E5.2 Admixtures that modify the cement hydration process
45 - E5.3 Lime-based admixtures
45 - E5.4 Additional information
47 - APPENDIX F - INFORMATION ON PERMEABILITY-REDUCING ADMIXTURES FOR USE IN CONCRETE, MORTAR AND GROUT
47 - F1 SCOPE
47 - F2 USE OF TERMS
47 - F3 DESCRIPTION
47 - F3.1 Permeability-reducing admixture
47 - F4 CLASSES
47 - F5 USE OF ADMIXTURES
48 - F6 MOISTURE TRANSMISSION
48 - F6.1 General
49 - F6.2 Moisture transmission through slabs
49 - F7 EFFECTS ON OTHER PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
49 - F7.1 User to determine
49 - F7.2 Results of side effect
50 - F8 PRODUCTION OF LOW-PERMEABILITY CONCRETE
50 - F8.1 Permeability-reducing admixtures
50 - F8.2 Cementitious materials
50 - F8.3 Aggregate
50 - F8.4 Shrinkage and temperature movements
50 - F8.5 Placement of concrete
50 - F8.6 Curing
51 - REFERENCES
51 - General
51 - Testing