AS/NZS 4600:1996

1 - AS/NZS 4600:1996 COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 1.3.1 Action [Effect]
7 - 1.3.2 Action effect [Action] or load effect [action]
7 - 1.3.3 Arched compression element
7 - 1.3.4 Bend
7 - 1.3.5 Braced member
7 - 1.3.6 Can
7 - 1.3.7 Capacity [Strength reduction] factor
7 - 1.3.8 Clinching
7 - 1.3.9 Cold-formed steel structural members
7 - 1.3.10 Design action effect [Design action] or design load effect [design action]
8 - 1.3.11 Design action [Design force] or design load
8 - 1.3.12 Design capacity
8 - 1.3.13 Distortional buckling
8 - 1.3.14 Effective design width
8 - 1.3.15 Elements
8 - 1.3.16 Feed width
8 - 1.3.17 Flexural-torsional buckling
8 - 1.3.18 Length (of a compression member)
8 - 1.3.19 Limit state
8 - 1.3.20 Load
8 - 1.3.21 Local buckling
8 - 1.3.22 May
8 - 1.3.23 Multiple-stiffened element
8 - 1.3.24 Nominal action [Nominal effect] or nominal load
8 - 1.3.25 Nominal capacity
8 - 1.3.26 Point-symmetric section
8 - 1.3.27 Proof testing
8 - 1.3.28 Prototype testing
9 - 1.3.29 Pull-over (pull-through)
9 - 1.3.30 Pull-out
9 - 1.3.31 Segment (in a member subjected to bending)
9 - 1.3.32 Serviceability limit state
9 - 1.3.33 Shall
9 - 1.3.34 Should
9 - 1.3.35 Single-point fastener
9 - 1.3.36 Special study
9 - 1.3.37 Stability limit state
9 - 1.3.38 Stiffened or partially stiffened compression element
9 - 1.3.39 Stiffeners
9 - 1.3.40 Strength [Ultimate] limit state
9 - 1.3.41 Structural ductility factor
9 - 1.3.42 Structural performance factor
9 - 1.3.43 Structural response factor
9 - 1.3.44 Sub-element
9 - 1.3.45 Tensile strength
9 - 1.3.46 Thickness
9 - 1.3.47 Unformed steel
9 - 1.3.48 Unformed steel properties
10 - 1.3.49 Unstiffened compression element
10 - 1.3.50 Yield stress
12 - 1.4 NOTATION
22 - 1.5 MATERIALS
22 - 1.5.1 Structural steel
25 - 1.5.2 Design stresses
25 - 1.5.3 Fasteners and electrodes
27 - 1.6 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
27 - 1.6.1 Loads and load combinations
28 - 1.6.2 Structural analysis and design
28 - 1.6.3 Earthquake
29 - 1.6.4 Durability
29 - 1.7 NON-CONFORMING SHAPES AND CONSTRUCTION
32 - SECTION 2 ELEMENTS
32 - 2.1 SECTION PROPERTIES
32 - 2.1.1 General
32 - 2.1.2 Design procedures
33 - 2.1.3 Dimensional limits
34 - 2.2 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF STIFFENED ELEMENTS
34 - 2.2.1 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements
36 - 2.2.2 Uniformly compressed stiffened elements with circular holes
37 - 2.2.3 Stiffened elements with stress gradient
38 - 2.3 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS
38 - 2.3.1 Uniformly compressed unstiffened elements
39 - 2.3.2 Unstiffened elements and edge stiffeners with stress gradient
40 - 2.4 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF UNIFORMLY COMPRESSED ELEMENTS WITH AN EDGE STIFFENER OR ONE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER
40 - 2.4.1 Notation
42 - 2.4.2 Elements with an intermediate stiffener
43 - 2.4.3 Elements with an edge stiffener
44 - 2.5 EFFECTIVE WIDTHS OF EDGE-STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENERS, OR STIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH MORE
46 - 2.6 ARCHED COMPRESSION ELEMENTS
46 - 2.7 STIFFENERS
46 - 2.7.1 Transverse stiffeners
47 - 2.7.2 Shear stiffeners
48 - 2.7.3 Nonconforming stiffeners
49 - SECTION 3 MEMBERS
49 - 3.1 GENERAL
49 - 3.2 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO TENSION
49 - 3.2.1 Tensile capacity
49 - 3.2.2 Distribution of forces
50 - 3.3 MEMBERS SUBJECT TO BENDING
50 - 3.3.1 Bending moment
51 - 3.3.2 Nominal section moment capacity
52 - 3.3.3 Nominal member moment capacity
58 - 3.3.4 Shear
59 - 3.3.5 Combined bending and shear
60 - 3.3.6 Bearing
63 - 3.3.7 Combined bending and bearing
64 - 3.4 CONCENTRICALLY LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS
64 - 3.4.1 General
65 - 3.4.2 Sections not subject to torsional or flexural-torsional
65 - 3.4.3 Doubly- or singly-symmetric sections subject to torsional or flexural-torsional buckling
66 - 3.4.4 Point-symmetric sections
66 - 3.4.5 Non-symmetric sections
66 - 3.4.6 Singly-symmetric sections subject to distortional buckling
66 - 3.4.7 Columns with one flange through-fastened to sheeting
67 - 3.5 COMBINED AXIAL LOAD AND BENDING
67 - 3.5.1 Combined axial compressive load and bending
69 - 3.5.2 Combined axial tensile load and bending
69 - 3.6 CYLINDRICAL TUBULAR MEMBERS
69 - 3.6.1 General
69 - 3.6.2 Bending
69 - 3.6.3 Compression
70 - 3.6.4 Combined bending and compression
71 - SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL ASSEMBLIES
71 - 4.1 BUILT-UP SECTIONS
71 - 4.1.1 I-Sections composed of two channels
72 - 4.1.2 Cover plates, sheets or non-integral stiffeners in compression
72 - 4.2 MIXED SYSTEMS
72 - 4.3 LATERAL RESTRAINTS
72 - 4.3.1 General
72 - 4.3.2 Symmetrical beams and columns
73 - 4.3.3 Channel and Z-section beams
76 - 4.4 WALL STUDS AND WALL STUD ASSEMBLIES
77 - SECTION 5 CONNECTIONS
77 - 5.1 GENERAL
77 - 5.2 WELDED CONNECTIONS
77 - 5.2.1 General
77 - 5.2.2 Butt welds
78 - 5.2.3 Fillet welds
79 - 5.2.4 Arc spot welds (puddle welds)
83 - 5.2.5 Arc seam welds
84 - 5.2.6 Flare welds
85 - 5.2.7 Resistance welds
86 - 5.3 BOLTED CONNECTIONS
86 - 5.3.1 General
87 - 5.3.2 Tearout
88 - 5.3.3 Net section tension
88 - 5.3.4 Bearing
89 - 5.3.5 Bolts
90 - 5.4 SCREWED CONNECTIONS
90 - 5.4.1 General
90 - 5.4.2 Screwed connections in shear
92 - 5.4.3 Screwed connections in tension
92 - 5.5 BLIND RIVETED CONNECTIONS
92 - 5.5.1 General
92 - 5.5.2 Riveted connections in shear
94 - 5.6 RUPTURE
94 - 5.6.1 Shear rupture
94 - 5.6.2 Tension rupture
94 - 5.6.3 Block shear rupture
94 - 5.7 OTHER CONNECTIONS USING ANY TYPE OF FASTENERS
95 - SECTION 6 TESTING
95 - 6.1 TESTING FOR DETERMINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
95 - 6.1.1 Testing of unformed steel
95 - 6.1.2 Compression testing
95 - 6.1.3 Testing of full sections
95 - 6.1.4 Testing of flat coupons of formed members
96 - 6.1.5 Testing for determining section properties
96 - 6.1.6 Testing of single-point fastener connections
96 - 6.2 TESTING FOR ASSESSMENT OR VERIFICATION
96 - 6.2.1 General
96 - 6.2.2 Static tests for strength or serviceability
99 - APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
101 - APPENDIX B - FLEXURAL MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BENDING
101 - B1 GENERAL
101 - B2 LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY [STRENGTH]
101 - B3 DEFLECTIONS
101 - B4 LIMITATIONS
102 - APPENDIX C - PROTECTION
102 - C1 SCOPE
102 - C2 PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION
102 - C2.1 Members to be protected
102 - C2.2 Protective coating
102 - C2.3 Members made from uncoated steel
102 - C2.4 Members made from coated steel
102 - C3 PROTECTION DURING TRANSPORT, HANDLING AND STORAGE
102 - C3.1 General
102 - C3.2 Transport and handling
102 - C3.3 Storage
103 - C4 REPAIRS TO COATINGS
104 - APPENDIX D - DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING STRESSES OF GENERAL CHANNELS, LIPPED CHANNELS AND Z-SECTIONS IN COMPRESSION AND BENDING
104 - D1 GENERAL CHANNELS IN COMPRESSION
105 - D2 SIMPLE LIPPED CHANNELS IN COMPRESSION
106 - D3 SIMPLE LIPPED CHANNELS OR Z-SECTIONS IN BENDING ABOUT THE AXIS PERPENDICULAR TO THE WEB
108 - APPENDIX E - SECTION PROPERTIES
108 - E1 SHEAR CENTRE DISTANCE, TORSION CONSTANT AND WARPING CONSTANT
108 - E2 MONOSYMMETRY SECTION CONSTANTS
112 - APPENDIX F - UNSTIFFENED ELEMENTS WITH STRESS GRADIENT
113 - APPENDIX G - STANDARD TESTS FOR SINGLE-POINT FASTENER CONNECTIONS
113 - G1 SCOPE
113 - G2 MATERIAL
113 - G3 SHEAR TEST
113 - G3.1 General
113 - G3.2 Apparatus
113 - G3.3 Test specimen
113 - G3.4 Procedure
113 - G4 CROSS-TENSION TEST
113 - G4.1 General
114 - G4.2 Apparatus
114 - G4.3 Test specimen
115 - G4.4 Procedure
115 - G5 REPORT

Sets out minimum requirements for the design of structural members cold-formed to shape from carbon or low-alloy steel sheet, strip, plate or bar not more than 25 mm in thickness and used for load-carrying purposes in buildings and structures.

This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design of structural members cold-formed to shape from carbon or low-alloy steel sheet, strip, plate or bar not more than 25 mm in thickness and used for load-carrying purposes in buildings. It may also be used for structures other than buildings provided appropriate allowances are made for dynamic effects.This Standard does not apply to the design of structures subject to fire, fatigue and brittle fracture.

First published in Australia as AS 1538-1974.
Second edition 1988.
Jointly revised and designated AS/NZS 4600:1996.