• BS 9999:2008

    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

    Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF

    Superseded date:  28-02-2017

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  31-10-2008

    Publisher:  British Standards Institution

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Foreword
    Section 1: General
    0 Introduction
    1 Scope
    2 Normative references
    3 Terms and definitions
    4 General recommendations and background
       4.1 Spread of fire and smoke
       4.2 Variation of guidance
       4.3 Property and business continuity protection
       4.4 Environment
       4.5 Additional recommendations for specific building
             types/occupancies
       4.6 Inclusive design
    Section 2: Risk profiles and assessing risk
    5 Assessing risk
    6 Risk profiles
       6.1 General
       6.2 Occupancy characteristic
       6.3 Fire growth rate
       6.4 Creating the risk profile
       6.5 Variation of risk profile
    Section 3: Ensuring effective fire protection
    7 Ensuring effective fire protection
       7.1 General
       7.2 The design stage
       7.3 The construction stage
       7.4 The maintenance stage
    Section 4: Managing fire safety
    8 Establishing management levels
       8.1 Management of the fire safety strategy
       8.2 Management levels
       8.3 Assessing the management levels
    9 Fire safety manual
    10 Designing so that a building can be managed
       10.1 General
       10.2 Management input
       10.3 Designing for the management of fire prevention
       10.4 Designing for the management of fire protection
    Section 5: Designing means of escape
    11 Principles of means of escape
    12 Evacuation strategy
       12.1 General
       12.2 Categories of evacuation procedure
       12.3 Total evacuation
       12.4 Progressive evacuation
    13 Internal subdivision and spatial/visual orientation
       13.1 General
       13.2 Compartments
       13.3 Cellular planning
       13.4 Open storey (horizontal)planning
       13.5 Atria
       13.6 High fire risk areas
       13.7 Process plant and outdoor structures
    14 Designing means of escape
       14.1 General
       14.2 Acceptable means of escape
       14.3 Generally unacceptable means of escape
    15 Allocation of risk profile
       15.1 General
       15.2 Enclosure of fire risks
    16 Minimum package of fire protection
       16.1 General
       16.2 Fire detection and alarm systems
       16.3 Artificial and emergency escape lighting
       16.4 Exit signs
       16.5 Doors
       16.6 Protected power circuits
       16.7 Lifts
       16.8 Mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems
       16.9 Refuse chutes and storage
    17 Horizontal means of escape
       17.1 General
       17.2 Number of occupants
       17.3 Layout and number of escape routes and exits
       17.4 Travel distance
       17.5 Cellular plan floors
       17.6 Width of doors, corridors and escape routes
       17.7 Methods of horizontal escape for disabled people
    18 Vertical means of escape
       18.1 General
       18.2 Design of escape stairs
       18.3 Number of escape stairs
       18.4 Width of escape stairs
       18.5 Basement stairs
       18.6 Protected stairs
       18.7 External escape stairs
       18.8 Methods of vertical escape for disabled people
    19 Additional fire protection measures
       19.1 General
       19.2 Automatic detection and informative warning systems
       19.3 Effect of ceiling heights
       19.4 Maximum acceptable variations
    Section 6: Access and facilities for fire-fighting
    20 General recommendations for fire-fighting facilities
    21 Facilities for fire-fighting
       21.1 General
       21.2 Fire-fighting shafts
       21.3 Fire-fighting stairs and lifts
    22 Vehicle access
       22.1 General
       22.2 Buildings not fitted with fire mains
       22.3 Access for high-reach appliances
       22.4 Buildings fitted with fire mains
    23 Water supplies for fire and rescue service use
       23.1 Fire mains
       23.2 Location and access to external water supply
    24 Communications systems for fire and rescue service use
    25 Fire control centre
    26 Fire-fighters' emergency switches for discharge lighting
       installation
    27 Drawings for fire and rescue service use
    28 Heat and smoke control
       28.1 General
       28.2 Smoke control for fire-fighting shafts
       28.3 Venting of smoke and heat from basements
       28.4 Venting of smoke and heat from car parks
       28.5 Smoke and heat ventilation from loading docks and
             covered service roadways
    29 Electrical services
    Section 7: Designing the building structure (load-bearing and
               non-load-bearing elements)
    30 Designing the building structure - General
    31 Fire resistance
       31.1 Elements of structure
       31.2 Minimum levels of fire resistance
       31.3 Glazed fire-resisting elements
    32 Compartmentation
       32.1 General
       32.2 Fire resistance of compartments
       32.3 Size of compartments
       32.4 Provision of compartmentation
       32.5 Construction of compartment walls and compartment
             floors
    33 Openings
       33.1 Fire doors
       33.2 Shutter assemblies
       33.3 Access panels
       33.4 Service ducts, pipes and shafts
       33.5 Fire-stopping
    34 Concealed spaces
       34.1 General
       34.2 Provision of cavity barriers
       34.3 Extensive cavities
       34.4 Construction and fixings for cavity barriers
    35 Materials and finishes
       35.1 Classification and use of internal wall and ceiling
             linings
       35.2 Special roof coverings
       35.3 Insulating core panels
    36 External fire spread between neighbouring buildings
       36.1 General
       36.2 Boundaries
       36.3 Unprotected area
       36.4 Degree of separation
       36.5 Roofs
       36.6 External fire spread over the external faces of
             buildings
    37 Accommodation ancillary to the main use of the building
       37.1 Engineering services installation rooms
       37.2 Waste storage and treatment
       37.3 Main storage areas (including receiving and
             dispatch areas)
    38 Engineering services
       38.1 Gas services
       38.2 Electrical services
       38.3 Enclosure of engineering services
       38.4 Lighting
       38.5 Heating systems
       38.6 Lifts, escalators, moving walks and goods conveyors
       38.7 Incinerators
    Section 8: Special risk protection
    39 Special risk protection
    Section 9: Managing occupied buildings
    40 Commissioning and hand-over
       40.1 Management issues
       40.2 Approvals and certification
    41 Managing occupied buildings
       41.1 Appointment of fire safety manager and other personnel
       41.2 Management organization and structure
       41.3 Overview of the fire safety manager's responsibilities
       41.4 Buildings occupied by more than one organization
       41.5 Public areas
       41.6 Tenants, concessionaires and residents
       41.7 Caretakers
       41.8 Continuing control and audit procedures
       41.9 Communications
    42 Fire prevention
       42.1 General
       42.2 Housekeeping
       42.3 Audience/crowd control
       42.4 Arson
       42.5 Conflicts between security and means of escape
       42.6 Contractors and subcontractors on the premises and hot
             work
       42.7 Maintenance of building plant and equipment
    43 Ensuring that systems respond properly in an emergency
       43.1 General
       43.2 Escape routes
       43.3 Maintenance of fire safety equipment and provisions
    44 Planning the response to a fire
       44.1 General
       44.2 The fire routine
       44.3 Provision for people at particular risk
       44.4 Fire control centre functions
       44.5 Evacuation management
       44.6 Test evacuations (fire drills)
       44.7 False alarms
       44.8 Contingency planning for business interruption
       44.9 Protection of building structure, contents, and the
             environment
       44.10 Salvage and damage control
    45 Emergency actions
       45.1 General
       45.2 Action on discovery
       45.3 Warning and evacuation signals
       45.4 Calling the fire and rescue service
       45.5 Evacuation procedures
       45.6 Fighting the fire
       45.7 Receiving the fire and rescue service
       45.8 Completion of evacuation
       45.9 Re-entry to the building
       45.10 After the incident
    46 Evacuation of disabled people
       46.1 General
       46.2 Mobility-impaired people
       46.3 Wheelchair users
       46.4 People who are deaf and hard of hearing
       46.5 Blind and partially sighted people
       46.6 People with cognitive disabilities
       46.7 Use of personal emergency evacuation plans
       46.8 Use of refuges
       46.9 Evacuation using lifts
       46.10 Evacuation using stairways
       46.11 Test evacuations for people requiring assistance
       46.12 Fire instructions and training
    47 Management of fire safety prior to full occupation of a
       building
    48 Building works, alterations, decommissioning and
       demolition
       48.1 General
       48.2 Hot work
       48.3 Change of use of buildings
       48.4 Units in disuse and areas decommissioned
    Annexes
    Annex A (normative) - Additional considerations for property
            and business continuity protection
    Annex B (normative) - Recommendations for atria
    Annex C (informative) - Design solutions and exemplars for atria
    Annex D (normative) - Recommendations for theatres, cinemas and
            similar venues
    Annex E (normative) - Recommendations for shopping complexes
    Annex F (normative) - Process plant and outdoor structures
    Annex G (normative) - Recommendations for refuges and evacuation
            lifts
    Annex H (normative) - Fire safety manual
    Annex I (normative) - Fire control centre and evacuation
            management
    Annex J (informative) - Fire safety equipment, facilities and
            systems
    Annex K (informative) - Signs and signage
    Annex L (informative) - Typical arrangements to keep
            fire-fighting lift wells free from water
    Annex M (normative) - Operational information (emergency
            packs)for the fire and rescue service
    Annex N (normative) - Commissioning and hand-over of smoke
            control systems
    Annex O (normative) - Fire safety training
    Annex P (normative) - Control of conditions in public areas
    Annex Q (normative) - Recommendations for owners of
            multi-occupancy residential buildings
    Annex R (informative) - Advice to occupiers of dwellings in
            residential buildings
    Annex S (informative) - Examples of fire instruction notices
    Annex T (normative) - Audience/crowd control
    Annex U (normative) - Hot work
    Annex V (normative) - Routine inspection and maintenance of fire
            safety installations
    Annex W (normative) - Routine inspection and maintenance of
            ventilation and air conditioning ductwork
    Annex X (normative) - Phased evacuation
    Annex Y (informative) - Examples of evacuation strategies
    Annex Z (informative) - Example messages for use in a phased
            evacuation
    Bibliography
    Index

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Provides recommendations and guidance on the design, management and use of buildings to achieve reasonable standards of fire safety for all people in and around buildings.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee FSH/14
    Development Note Supersedes BS 5588-0(1996), BS 5588-5(2004), BS 5588-6(1991), BS 5588-7(1997), BS 5588-8(1999), BS 5588-9(1999), BS 5588-10(1991), BS 5588-11(1997), BS 5588-12(2004), BS DD9999(2005) and 08/30158435 DC. (10/2008)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher British Standards Institution
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    93/68/EEC : 1993 AMD 2 1998 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 93/68/EEC OF 22.7.93 AMENDING DIRECTIVES 87/404/EEC, 88/378/EEC, 89/106/EEC, 89/336/EEC, 89/392/EEC, 89/686/EEC, 90/384/EEC, 90/385/EEC, 90/396/EEC, 91/263/EEC, 92/42/EEC AND 73/23/EEC
    BS EN 1158:1997 Building hardware. Door coordinator devices. Requirements and test methods
    BS ISO 10294-5:2005 Fire-resistance tests. Fire dampers for air distribution systems Intumescent fire dampers
    BS 5234-2:1992 Partitions (including matching linings) Specification for performance requirements for strength and robustness including methods of test
    BS 8414-1:2002 Fire performance of external cladding systems Test methods for non-loadbearing external cladding systems applied to the face of a building
    BS 5651:1989 Method for cleansing and wetting procedures for use in the assessment of the effect of cleansing and wetting on the flammability of textile fabrics and fabric assemblies
    BS EN 1021-1:2014 Furniture. Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture Ignition source smouldering cigarette
    BS 7346-3:1990 Components for smoke and heat control systems Specification for smoke curtains
    BS 7346-4:2003 Components for smoke and heat control systems Functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems, employing steady-state design fires. Code of practice
    BS EN ISO 12543-2:2011 Glass in building. Laminated glass and laminated safety glass Laminated safety glass
    BS 8486-1(2007) : 2007 EXAMINATION AND TEST OF NEW LIFTS BEFORE PUTTING INTO SERVICE - SPECIFICATION FOR MEANS OF DETERMINING COMPLIANCE WITH BS EN 81 - PART 1: ELECTRIC LIFTS
    BS EN 54-7:2001 Fire detection and fire alarm systems Smoke detectors. Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
    BS 8414-2:2005 Fire performance of external cladding systems Test method for non-loadbearing external cladding systems fixed to and supported by a structural steel frame
    BS EN 1634-1 : 2014 FIRE RESISTANCE AND SMOKE CONTROL TESTS FOR DOOR AND SHUTTER ASSEMBLIES, OPENABLE WINDOWS AND ELEMENTS OF BUILDING HARDWARE - PART 1: FIRE RESISTANCE TEST FOR DOOR AND SHUTTER ASSEMBLIES AND OPENABLE WINDOWS
    BS 5656-2:2004 Escalator and moving walks. Safety rules for the construction and installation of escalators and moving walks Code of practice for the selection, installation and location of new escalators and moving walks
    BS EN 1366-7:2004 Fire resistance tests for service installations Conveyor systems and their closures
    CEN/CLC Guide 6:2014 Guide for addressing accessibility in standards
    BS 5234-1:1992 Partitions (including matching linings) Code of practice for design and installation
    BS EN 1155:1997 Building hardware. Electrically powered hold-open devices for swing doors. Requirements and test methods
    BS 5655-6:2002 Lifts and service lifts Code of practice for the selection and installation of new lifts
    BS 25999-1:2006 BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT - PART 1: CODE OF PRACTICE
    BS EN ISO 13943:2017 Fire safety. Vocabulary
    BS 9990:2006 Code of practice for non-automatic fire-fighting systems in buildings
    BS 5516-2:2004 Patent glazing and sloping glazing for buildings Code of practice for sloping glazing
    89/106/EEC : 1988 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE OF 21 DECEMBER 1988 ON THE APPROXIMATION OF LAWS, REGULATIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
    BS 5306-5.2:1984 Code of practice for fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Halon systems Halon 1211 total flooding systems
    BS 7346-7:2006 Components for smoke and heat control systems Code of practice on functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke and heat control systems for covered car parks
    BS EN 1634-3:2004 Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter assemblies, openable windows and elements of building hardware Smoke control test for door and shutter assemblies
    BS 8491:2008 Method for assessment of fire integrity of large diameter power cables for use as components for smoke and heat control systems and certain other active fire safety systems
    BS 5306-6.1:1988 Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Foam systems Specification for low expansion foam systems
    BS 8486-2(2007) : 2007 EXAMINATION AND TEST OF NEW LIFTS BEFORE PUTTING INTO SERVICE - SPECIFICATION FOR MEANS OF DETERMINING COMPLIANCE WITH BS EN 81 - PART 2: HYDRAULIC LIFTS
    BS EN 1991-1-2:2002 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures General actions. Actions on structures exposed to fire
    PD 6520:1988 Guide to fire test methods for building materials and elements of construction
    BS EN 1125:2008 Building hardware. Panic exit devices operated by a horizontal bar, for use on escape routes. Requirements and test methods
    BS 6262-4:2005 Glazing for buildings Code of practice for safety related to human impact
    BS EN 60702-2 : 2002 MINERAL INSULATED CABLES AND THEIR TERMINATIONS WITH A RATED VOLTAGE NOT EXCEEDING 750 V - PART 2: TERMINATIONS
    BS 7671(2008) : 2008 REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS - IET WIRING REGULATIONS
    BS EN 1021-2:2014 Furniture. Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture Ignition source match flame equivalent
    BS 5852:2006 Methods of test for assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating by smouldering and flaming ignition sources
    BS EN ISO 1182:2010 Reaction to fire tests for products. Non-combustibility test
    BS 5306-0:1986 Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises Guide for the selection of installed systems and other fire equipment
    BS 5266-7(1999) : 1999 LIGHTING APPLICATIONS - EMERGENCY LIGHTING
    DD ENV 1187:2002 Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
    BS EN 115:1995 Safety rules for the construction and installation of escalators and passenger conveyors.
    BS 7807:1995 Code of practice for design, installation and servicing of integrated systems incorporating fire detection and alarm systems and/or other security systems for buildings other than dwellings
    PD 7974-3:2003 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Structural response and fire spread beyond the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 3)
    BS EN 12150-1:2015 Glass in building. Thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass Definition and description
    BS EN ISO 14122-4:2016 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machinery Fixed ladders
    BS EN 12845:2015 Fixed firefighting systems. Automatic sprinkler systems. Design, installation and maintenance
    BS 5306-6.2:1989 Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises. Foam systems Specification for medium and high expansion foam systems
    BS 5438:1989 Methods of test for flammability of textile fabrics when subjected to a small igniting flame applied to the face or bottom edge of vertically oriented specimens
    BS 5839-3:1988 Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings Specification for automatic release mechanisms for certain fire protection equipment
    BS 7157:1989 Method of test for ignitability of fabrics used in the construction of large tented structures
    BS 6187:2000 Code of practice for demolition
    BS 5410-1:1997 Code of practice for oil firing Installations up to 45 kW output capacity for space heating and hot water supply purposes
    BS EN ISO 1716:2010 Reaction to fire tests for products. Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value)
    BS 5410-2:1978 Code of practice for oil firing Installations of 45 kW and above output capacity for space heating, hot water and steam supply services
    BS 7346-6:2005 Components for smoke and heat control systems Specifications for cable systems
    BS 8300:2001 Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people. Code of practice
    PD 7974-7:2003 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Probabilistic risk assessment
    BS 5395-2:1984 Stairs, ladders and walkways Code of practice for the design of helical and spiral stairs
    BS EN 13823 : 2010 REACTION TO FIRE TESTS FOR BUILDING PRODUCTS - BUILDING PRODUCTS EXCLUDING FLOORINGS EXPOSED TO THE THERMAL ATTACK BY A SINGLE BURNING ITEM
    PD 7974-1:2003 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings Initiation and development of fire within the enclosure of origin (Sub-system 1)
    BS 7974:2001 Application of fire safety engineering principles to the design of buildings. Code of practice
    BS 9251:2005 Sprinkler systems for residential and domestic occupancies. Code of practice
    BS 3251:1976 Specification. Indicator plates for fire hydrants and emergency water supplies
    BS EN 60702-1 : 2002 MINERAL INSULATED CABLES AND THEIR TERMINATIONS WITH A RATED VOLTAGE NOT EXCEEDING 750 V - PART 1: CABLES
    BS 4422:2005 Fire. Vocabulary
    BS EN 179:2008 Building hardware. Emergency exit devices operated by a lever handle or push pad, for use on escape routes. Requirements and test methods
    BS EN 1154:1997 Building hardware. Controlled door closing devices. Requirements and test methods
    BS EN 1838:2013 Lighting applications. Emergency lighting
    BS EN 12416-2:2001 Fixed firefighting systems. Powder systems Design, construction and maintenance
    ISO 834-1:1999 Fire-resistance tests Elements of building construction Part 1: General requirements
    BS 5306-3:2003 Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises Code of practice for the inspection and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers
    BS EN 54-11:2001 Fire detection and fire alarm systems Manual call points
    BS EN 1993-1-2:2005 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures General rules - Structural fire design
    BS 5839-9:2003 Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings Code of practice for the design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of emergency voice communication systems
    BS 7273-4:2007 Code of practice for the operation of fire protection measures Actuation of release mechanisms for doors
    BS EN 14179-1:2005 Glass in building. Heat-soaked thermally-toughened soda lime silicate safety glass Definition and description
    BS EN ISO 306:2013 Plastics. Thermoplastic materials. Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)
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