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  • ASTM D 93 : 2018

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    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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    Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF

    Superseded date:  10-05-2023

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  10-08-2018

    Publisher:  American Society for Testing and Materials

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    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1.1These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 °C to 370 °C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 °C to 190 °C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.

    Note 1:Flash point determinations above 250 °C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100 °C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40 °C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature.

    1.2Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C.

    1.3Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.

    1.4Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcohol in biodiesel is difficult to observe by manual flash point techniques, automated apparatus with electronic flash point detection have been found suitable.

    1.5These test methods are applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.

    1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

    1.6.1Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.

    Note 2:It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 °F increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2 °C equivalent increment of 3.6 °F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370 °C (698 °F). When a temperature is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after “or,” for example, 2 °C or 5 °F.

    1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, 11.1.8, 11.2.2, and 12.1.2.

    1.8This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee D 02
    Document Type Test Method
    Publisher American Society for Testing and Materials
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

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    ASTM D 6448 : 2016 : R2022 Standard Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
    ASTM D 7094 : 2017 : REV A Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
    ASTM D 268 : 2022 Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
    ASTM D 396 : 2021 Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
    ASTM D 8175 : 2018 Standard Test Method for Finite Flash Point Determination of Liquid Wastes by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
    ASTM D 8085 : 2017 Standard Specification for Non-Aqueous Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service
    ASTM D 7467 : 2020 : REV A Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
    ASTM D 6468 : 2022 Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
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    ASTM D 6823 : 2008 : R2021 Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
    ASTM D 6750 : 2019 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
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    ASTM D 8048 : 2021 : REV A : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-13 Diesel Engine
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    ASTM F 1200 : 2021 : REV A Standard Specification for Fabricated (Welded) Pipe Line Strainers (Above 150 psig and 150°F (1 MPa and 65°C))
    ASTM C 461 : 2017 Standard Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With Thermal Insulation
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    ASTM D 5146 : 2010 : R2019 Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
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    ASTM D 56 : 2022 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
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    ASTM D 6681 : 2017 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
    ASTM D 3941 : 2020 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
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    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    ASTM D 4057 : 2019 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 3941 : 2014 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
    ASTM D 4177 : 2016 : EDT 1 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4177 : 1995 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4057 : 2012 : R2018 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4057 : 1981 : EDT 2 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 3941 : 1990 : R2001 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
    ASTM D 4057 : 2006 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4177 : 2015 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4057 : 2012 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4177 : 1995 : R2010 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4177 : 1995 : R2000 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Peroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4177 : 2016 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4177 : 1995 : R2005 Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4057 : 1995 : R2000 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 3941 : 1990 : R2007 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
    ASTM D 3941 : 1990 : R1996 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
    ASTM D 4177 : 2015 : REV A Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
    ASTM D 4057 : 2006 : R2011 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
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