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  • IEEE C57.92-1981

    Withdrawn A Withdrawn Standard is one, which is removed from sale, and its unique number can no longer be used. The Standard can be withdrawn and not replaced, or it can be withdrawn and replaced by a Standard with a different number.

    IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Power Transformers Up to and Including 100 MVA with 55 C or 65 C Average Winding Rise

    Available format(s): 

    Withdrawn date:  17-10-2023

    Language(s): 

    Published date:  14-12-1981

    Publisher:  Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1. Scope
    2. References
    3. General
    3.1 Limitations
    3.2 Transformer Life Expectancy
    3.3 Transformer Rated Output
    3.4 Aging of Insulation
    3.5 Ambient Temperature and Its Influence on Loading
    3.6 Operation With Part or All of the Cooling Out of
          Service
    3.7 Supplemental Cooling of Existing Self-Cooled
          Transformers
    4. Transformers Specified to Have an Average Winding
          Rise of Not More Than 65 deg C and Hottest-Spot
          Winding Rise of Not More Than 80 deg C
    4.1 Basic Loading for Normal Life Expectancy
    4.2 Short-Time Loading with Moderate Sacrifice of Life
          Expectancy
    5. Transformers Specified to Have an Average Winding
          Rise of Not More Than 55 deg C and Hottest-Spot
          Winding Rise of Not More Than 65 deg C
    5.1 Basic Loading for Normal Life Expectancy
    5.2 Short-time Loading with Moderate Sacrifice of Life
          Expectancy
    6. Calculation of Temperature and Loss of Life for
          Short-Time Loads Above Transformer Rating
    6.1 General
    6.2 Top-Oil Rise Determination
    6.3 Hottest-Spot Conductor to Top-Oil Gradient
    6.4 Hottest-Spot Conductor Temperature
    6.5 Percent Loss of Life
    6. Method of Converting Actual to Equivalent Load Cycle
    6.7 Equations for Calculating Transient Heating of Oil-
          Immersed Transformers
    7. Method Used for Computer Calculation of Loading
          Capability Tables
    7.1 Method
    FIGURES
    1. Life Expectancy Curve
    2. Approximate Continuous Loading for Normal Life
          Expectancy-65 deg C Rise Transformers
    3. Maximum Loss of Life - 65 deg Rise Transformers
    4. Approximate Continuous Loading for Normal Life
          Expectancy-55 deg C Rise Transformers
    5. Maximum Percent Loss of Life - 55 deg C Rise Trans-
          formers
    6.(a) and (b) Initial Oil Rise
    7.(a) and (b) Top-Oil Temperature at End of Specified
                  Load Period
    8.(a) and (b) Ultimate Oil Rise
    9.(a) and (b) Hottest-Spot Conductor To Top-Oil Gradient
    10. Assumed Load Cycle
    11. Actual Load Cycle
    NUMEROUS TABLES
    APPENDIX
    Unusual Temperature and Altitude Conditions

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Describes loading mineral-oil-immersed power transformers, manufactured in accordance with ANSI C57.12.10-1976 (1) and ANSI C57.12.30-1977 (2) and others up to and including 100 MVA maximum nameplate rating. Based mostly on ageing of winding insulation.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee Transformers
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
    Status Withdrawn

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    IEEE C57.105-1978 IEEE Guide for Application of Transformer Connections in Three-Phase Distribution Systems
    IEEE 1653.3-2012 IEEE Guide for Rail Transit Traction Power Systems Modeling
    IEEE DRAFT C57.12.00 : D4 98 DRAFT STANDARD GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIQUID-IMMERSED DISTRIBUTION, POWER, AND REGULATING TRANSFORMERS
    CSA C2 : 0 SINGLE-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS, TYPES ONAN AND LNAN
    IEEE 1566-2015 REDLINE IEEE Standard for Performance of Adjustable-Speed AC Drives Rated 375 kW and Larger
    IEEE C57.19.100-1995 IEEE Guide for Application of Power Apparatus Bushings
    TM 5-811-1 : V19950228 ARMY TECHNICAL MANUAL - ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
    IEEE C57.109-1993 IEEE Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformers Through-Fault-Current Duration
    IEEE 101 : 1987 GUIDE FOR THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THERMAL LIFE TEST DATA
    IEEE DRAFT C57.12.26 : 1992 PAD-MOUNTED, COMPARTMENTAL-TYPE, SELF-COOLED, THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS FOR USE WITH SEPARABLE INSULATED HIGH-VOLTAGE CONNECTORS, 34 500 GRDY/19 920 V AND BELOW; 2500 KVA AND SMALLER
    IEEE DRAFT C37.91 : D7.0 2006 PROTECTING POWER TRANSFORMERS
    IEEE DRAFT C57.18.10 : D12 APR 97 DRAFT PRACTICES AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SEMICONDUCTOR POWER RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER
    API 540 : 1999 : R2006 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING PLANTS
    API 540:1999 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING PLANTS
    IEEE 242-2001 IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book)
    IEEE 141 : 1993 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants
    IEEE DRAFT C57.12.90 : D5.1 98 DRAFT STANDARD TEST CODE FOR LIQUID-IMMERSED DISTRIBUTION, POWER, AND REGULATING TRANSFORMERS
    IEEE DRAFT C57.12.22 : D4 JUL 93 PAD-MOUNTED, COMPARTMENTAL-TYPE, SELF COOLED THREE PHASE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS WITH HIGH-VOLTAGE BUSHINGS, 2500 KVA AND SMALLER: HIGH VOLTAGE, 34 500 GRDY/19 920 VOLTS AND BELOW; LOW VOLTAGE, 480 VOLTS AND BELOW
    IEEE C57.119-2001 IEEE Recommended Practice for Performing Temperature Rise Tests on Oil-Immersed Power Transformers at Loads Beyond Nameplate Ratings
    IEEE C57.129-2007 REDLINE IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers
    IEEE C37.121-2012 REDLINE IEEE Guide for Switchgear - Unit Substation - Requirements
    IEEE/ANSI C57.12.22-1995 American National Standard for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers With High-Voltage Bushings, 2500 kVA and Smaller; High Voltage, 34 500 GrdY/19 920 Volts and Below; Low Voltage, 480 Volts and Below
    IEEE C57.12.26-1992 IEEE Standard for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers for Use with Separable Insulated High-Voltage Connectors (34 500 GrdY/19 920 Volts and Below, 2500 kVA and Smaller)
    IEEE 597-1983 IEEE Standard Practices and Requirements for General Purpose Thyristor DC Drives
    IEEE 638-1992 IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class 1E Transformers for Nuclear Power Generating Stations

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    IEEE C57.12.10-2010 TRANSFORMERS - 230 KV AND BELOW 833/958 THROUGH 8333/10 417 KVA, SINGLE-PHASE, AND 750/862 THROUGH 60 000/80 000/100 000 KVA, THREE-PHASE WITHOUT LOAD TAP CHANGING; AND 3750/4687 THROUGH 60 000/80 000/100 000 KVA WITH LOAD TAP CHANGING - SAFETY REQUIREMENT
    IEEE C57.12.30-2010 IEEE Standard for Pole-Mounted Equipment--Enclosure Integrity for Coastal Environments
    IEEE C57.12.00-2015 IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers
    IEEE C57.91-2011 REDLINE IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers and Step-Voltage Regulators
    IEEE C57.91-1981 IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Overhead and Pad-Mounted Distribution Transformers Rated 500kVA and Less with 65 C or 55 C Average Winding Rise
    IEEE C57.12.00-1987 IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers
    ANSI C57.12.30 : 2010
    IEEE C57.12.10-2010 REDLINE IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers
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