IEC 61751:1998

FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Laser reliability and quality assurance procedure
    4.1 Demonstration of product quality
    4.2 Testing responsibilities
    4.3 Quality Improvement Programmes (QIPs)
5 Tests
    5.1 Structural similarity
    5.2 Burn-in and screening (when applicable in the DS)
6 Activities
    6.1 Analysis of reliability results
    6.2 Technical visits to LMMs
    6.3 Design/process changes
    6.4 Deliveries
    6.5 Supplier documentation
Annex A (normative) Laser diode and laser module failure
mechanisms
Annex B (informative) Guide
Figures
    A.1 Non-linearities in laser-current characteristics
    A.2 'Bathtub' failure rate curve
    A.3 Example of cumulative failure plot showing log-normal
          distribution of laser failure rate
    A.4 Calculated failure rates for components having a
          log-normal lifetime distribution, with a median
          life of 10(6)h and dispersion in the range of
          0.5 to 2.0
    A.5 Cross-section through a typical laser module showing
          key components
    A.6 Cross-section through a typical buried heterostructure
          laser (bonded junction side up)

The aim of this standard is:- to establish a standard method of assessing the reliability of laser modules in order to minimize risks and to promote product development and reliability;- to establish means by which the distribution of failures with time can be determined. This should enable the determination of equipment failure rates for specified end of life criteria.