CLC/TR 50404:2003

1 Scope
2 Definitions
3 General
   3.1 Standard approaches
   3.2 Alternative approaches
4 Static electricity in non-conductive solid materials
   4.1 General considerations
   4.2 Dissipative solid materials
   4.3 The use of conductive or dissipative materials in place of
       non-conductive ones
   4.4 Precautions required when using non-conductive solid materials
   4.5 Conveyor belts and transmission belts
5 Static electricity in liquids
   5.1 General considerations
   5.2 Ignition hazard
   5.3 Precautions against ignition hazard during liquid handling
       operations
   5.4 Tanks and Containers
   5.5 Pipes and hoses for liquids
   5.6 Special filling procedures
   5.7 Plant processes (blending, stirring, mixing and crystallisation)
   5.8 Spraying liquids and tank cleaning
   5.9 Glass systems
6 Static electricity in gases
   6.1 General
   6.2 Grit blasting
   6.3 Fire extinguishers
   6.4 Inerting
   6.5 Steam cleaning
   6.6 Accidental leakage of compressed gas
   6.7 Spraying of flammable paints and powders
   6.8 Extraction systems
   6.9 Vacuum cleaners, fixed and mobile
7 Static electricity in powders
   7.1 General
   7.2 Powders in the absence of flammable gases and vapours
   7.3 Powders in the presence of flammable gases or vapours
8 Static electricity when handling explosives and electro-explosive
   devices
   8.1 Explosives manufacture, handling and storage
   8.2 Handling of electro-explosive devices
9 Static electricity on persons
   9.1 General considerations
   9.2 Conducting floor
   9.3 Dissipative and conductive footwear
   9.4 Clothing
   9.5 Protective gloves
   9.6 Other items
10 Electric shock
   10.1 Introduction
   10.2 Discharges relevant to electric shock
   10.3 Sources of electric shock
   10.4 Precautions to avoid electric shocks
   10.5 Precautions in special cases
11 Earthing and bonding
   11.1 General
   11.2 Criteria for the dissipation of static electricity from a
        conductor
   11.3 Earthing requirements in practical systems
   11.4 The establishment and monitoring of earthing systems
Annexes
Annex A (informative) Fundamentals of static electricity
Annex B (informative) Electrostatic discharges in specific situations
Annex C (informative) Ignitability properties of substances
Annex D (informative) Classification of hazardous areas
Bibliography
Figures
Tables

This document is a code of practice for avoiding ignition and electric shock hazards arising from static electricity. The processes that most commonly give rise to problems of static electricity are described in detail. They include the handling of solids, liquids, powders, gases, sprays and explosives. In each case, the source and nature of the electrostatic hazard is identified and specific recommendations are given for dealing with them.Basic information about the generation of undesirable static electricity in solids, liquids, gases, explosives, and also on persons, together with descriptions of how the charges generated cause ignitions or electric shocks, is given in the annexes.This document is not applicable to the hazards of static electricity relating to lightning, to damage to electronic components, nor to medical hazards.