• IEEE C57.104-2008

    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

    IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers

    Available format(s):  PDF

    Superseded date:  04-11-2019

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  02-02-2009

    Publisher:  Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1 Overview
      1.1 Scope
      1.2 Limitations
    2 Normative references
    3 Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations
      3.1 Definitions
      3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
    4 General theory
      4.1 Cellulosic decomposition
      4.2 Oil decomposition
      4.3 Application to equipment
      4.4 Establishing baseline data
      4.5 Recognition of a gassing problem - Establishing operating
          priorities
    5 Interpretation of gas analysis
      5.1 Thermal faults
      5.2 Electrical faults - Low intensity discharges
      5.3 Electrical faults - High intensity arcing
    6 Suggested operating procedures utilizing the detection
      and analysis of combustible gases
      6.1 General
      6.2 Determining combustible gas generating rates
      6.3 Determining the gas space and dissolved gas-in-oil
          equivalents
      6.4 Monitoring insulation deterioration using dissolved
          gas volume
      6.5 Evaluation of transformer condition using individual and
          TDCG concentrations
      6.6 Evaluation of possible fault type by the key gas method
      6.7 Evaluation of possible fault type by analysis of the
          separate combustible gases generated
    7 Instruments for detecting and determining the amount of
      combustible gases present
      7.1 Portable instruments
      7.2 Fixed instruments
    8 Procedures for obtaining samples of gas and oil from
      the transformer for laboratory analysis
      8.1 Gas samples for laboratory analysis
      8.2 Gas dissolved in oil
    9 Laboratory methods for analyzing the gas blanket and
      the gases extracted from the oil
      9.1 General
      9.2 Determination of total dissolved gas
      9.3 Determination of individual dissolved gases
      9.4 Determination of individual gases present in the
          gas blanket
    Annex A (informative) Bibliography

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Describes procedures for analyzing gas from gas spaces or gas-collecting devices as well as gas dissolved in oil.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee Transformers
    Development Note Supersedes IEEE DRAFT C57.104. (02/2009)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    IEEE 1276-1997 IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers
    ASTM D 3612 : 2002 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
    ASTM D 3284 : 2005 Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters
    CSA Z463 : 2013 GUIDELINE ON MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
    IEEE DRAFT 62 : 200D8 GUIDE FOR DIAGNOSTIC FIELD TESTING OF ELECTRIC POWER APPARATUS
    NFPA 70B : 2016 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
    IEEE C57.147-2018 IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers
    IEEE C57.119-2018 REDLINE IEEE Recommended Practice for Performing Temperature Rise Tests on Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers at Loads Beyond Nameplate Ratings
    17/30331680 DC : 0 BS ISO 18095 - CONDITION MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
    02/211941 DC : 0 IEC 60076-14 ED.1 - GUIDE FOR THE DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF LIQUID-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS USING HIGH-TEMPERATURE INSULATION MATERIALS
    IEEE DRAFT C57.130 : D17 2006 GUIDE FOR THE USE OF DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS DURING FACTORY TEMPERATURE RISE TESTS FOR THE EVALUATION OF OIL-IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS AND REACTORS
    IEEE DRAFT C57.93 : D13 2005 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF LIQUID-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS
    ISO 18095:2018 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers
    ASTM D 7150 : 2013 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for the Determination of Gassing Characteristics of Insulating Liquids Under Thermal Stress
    ASTM D 3612 : 2002 : R2017 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
    ASTM D 345 : 2002 Side bearings of the freight wagon bogies. General specifications
    IEEE C57.15-2009 REDLINE IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Step-Voltage Regulators
    IEEE DRAFT 1276 : D6.0 DEC 96 DRAFT TRIAL USE GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION MATERIALS IN LIQUID-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS
    IEEE 1406-1998 IEEE Guide to the Use of Gas-In-Fluid Analysis for Electric Power Cable Systems
    IEEE DRAFT C37.91 : D7.0 2006 PROTECTING POWER TRANSFORMERS
    IEEE C57.17-2012 IEEE Standard Requirements for Arc Furnace Transformers
    BS IEC 60076-21:2011 Power transformers Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators
    IEEE DRAFT C57.127 : D8.0 2006 DETECTION AND LOCATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS FROM PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN OIL-IMMERSED POWER TRANSFORMERS AND REACTORS
    IEEE C57.152-2013 IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors
    IEEE C57.140-2006 IEEE Guide for Evaluation and reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers
    IEEE C57.125-2015 IEEE Guide for Failure Investigation, Documentation, Analysis, and Reporting for Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors
    IEEE C57.146:2005 INTERPRETATION OF GASES GENERATED IN SILICONE-IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS
    IEEE 62-1995 IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus - Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors
    IEEE C37.91-2008 REDLINE IEEE Guide for Protecting Power Transformers
    IEEE C37.121-2012 GUIDE FOR SWITCHGEAR - UNIT SUBSTATION - REQUIREMENTS
    IEC 60076-21:2011 Power transformers - Part 21: Standard requirements, terminology, and test code for step-voltage regulators
    GOST 849:2018 Primary nickel. SpecificationsE
    IEEE 242-2001 IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book)
    IEEE C57.106-2006 IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment
    IEEE C57.12.00-2015 IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers
    IEEE 1861-2014 IEEE Guide for On-Site Acceptance Tests of Electrical Equipment and System Commissioning of 1000 kV AC and Above
    IEEE 1653.1-2016 IEEE Standard for Traction Power Rectifier Transformers for Substation Applications up to 1500 V DC Nominal Output
    IEEE C57.119-2001 IEEE Recommended Practice for Performing Temperature Rise Tests on Oil-Immersed Power Transformers at Loads Beyond Nameplate Ratings
    IEEE C57.637-2015 REDLINE IEEE Guide for the Reclamation of Mineral Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use
    IEEE 1277-2010 IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Code for Dry-Type and Oil-Immersed Smoothing Reactors for DC Power Transmission
    IEEE C57.155-2014 IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Synthetic Ester-Immersed Transformers
    IEEE C57.93-2007 IEEE Guide for Installation and Maintenance of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers
    IEEE C57.147-2008 IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers
    IEEE C37.121-2012 REDLINE IEEE Guide for Switchgear - Unit Substation - Requirements
    IEEE C57.129-2007 REDLINE IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers
    IEEE C57.143-2012 IEEE Guide for Application for Monitoring Equipment to Liquid-Immersed Transformers and Components
    IEEE C57.127-2007 IEEE Guide for the Detection and Location of Acoustic Emissions from Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers and Reactors
    IEEE 2030.2-2015 IEEE Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure
    ASTM D 3612 : 2002 : R2009 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
    ASTM D 3612 : 2002 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
    ASTM D 3284 : 2005 : R2011 Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using Portable Meters
    IEEE C57.140-2017 IEEE Guide for Evaluation and Reconditioning of Liquid Immersed Power Transformers

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    ASTM D 923 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
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